Patch

Create Directory Patch

diff --exclude=".git" -ruN orig/ new/ | sed "s#new/#b/#" | sed 's#orig/#a/#' > patch.sql

where:

-r - recursive, so do subdirectories
-u - unified style, if your system lacks it or if recipient may not have it, use "-c"
-N - treat absent files as empty

References: 1, 2.

Apply Patch

patch '-p1' --no-backup-if-mismatch -d 'vendor/vendor-name/module-name' < '_extra/patches/vendor-name/module-name/patch-name.patch'